Company Establishment
There are two main laws governing registering a company in Egypt:
- Egyptian companies Law no. 159 of 1981 and its amendments.
- Egyptian investment Law no. 72 of 2017 and its amendments.
Types of Companies in Egypt:
LLC is characterized by its limited number of partners that should not exceed fifty partners. Therefore, their liability is limited to the value of their shares. Additionally, increasing the company’s capital and issuing negotiable shares or bonds is not permitted through public subscription.
Joint-stock companies are based on the financial liability of their shareholders and are not affected by their personalities. 2. Shareholders’ limited liability, as the liability of a shareholder to the company is generally limited to the amount, if any, that remains unpaid on that shareholder’s shares. 3.
Any foreign company, regardless of its legal form, exercising any commercial, financial, industrial or contracting activity in Egypt, shall be registered as a branch with the Commercial Registry and the General Authority for Investment and Free Zones (GAFI).
A sole proprietorship is established by a single natural person and is considered by law a merchant. A minimum capital of a sole proprietorship is one hundred thousand Egyptian pounds.
One Person Company is a company that is owned by a single person, whether natural or a legal entity, within the purposes that it’s established for, and the owner of the company shall be liable only for the company’s obligations unless within the allocated shared capital.
Two or more persons (individuals or legal entities) may form a general partnership. Such a business association is governed by the terms of the partnership contract as well as by civil and commercial laws. The partnership contract must be notarized and registered with the Ministry of Finance.
It is one of the types of companies in Egypt, which is divided into two main types; each type represents a specific team. The first type is the limited partners, which consists of two or more partners, who participate in the capital of the company, without any administrative powers.
A public limited company, or ‘PLC’ for short, is a company that is legally allowed to offer its shares for sale to the public. They don’t have to offer shares to the public if they choose not to, but the option is there if and when needed.
A representative office is an office established by a company or a legal entity to conduct marketing and other non-transactional operations, generally in a foreign country where a branch office or subsidiary is not warranted.
Types of Industries:
Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities.
Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc. At first, the word “textiles” only referred to woven fabrics.
Building material is material used for construction. Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, wood, and even twigs and leaves, have been used to construct buildings. Apart from naturally occurring materials, many man-made products are in use, some more and some less synthetic.
Leather industry is a very old manufacturing sector producing a broad range of goods such as leather footwear, leather bags, leather garments, and so on. The raw material used in leather industry is derived from the waste product of food industry, specifically from meat processing.
Tourism is travel for pleasure or business, and the commercial activity of providing and supporting such travel.
Construction is a general term meaning the art and science to form objects, systems, or organizations, and comes from Latin construction and Old French construction. To construct is the verb: the act of building and the noun is construction: how something is built, the nature of its structure.
Medicine is the science and practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health.
A sample of petroleum. Pump jack pumping an oil well near Lubbock, Texas. An oil refinery in Mina Al Ahmadi,Kuwait. Petroleum, also known as crude oil, or simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations.
The food industry is a complex, global network of diverse businesses that supplies most of the food consumed by the world’s population.
Electrical and electronic engineering industries (EEI) include electrical devices, radio equipment and telecommunications industries. Examples are mobile phones, the mobile network infrastructure, TV sets, power supply units, wireless routers, maritime radars, sensors, and much more.
Types of Banks:
A commercial bank is a financial institution which accepts deposits from the public and gives loans for the purposes of consumption and investment to make profit.
Retail banking, also known as consumer banking or personal banking, is the provision of services by a bank to the general public, rather than to companies, corporations or other banks, which are often described as wholesale banking.
A savings and loan association, or thrift institution, is a financial institution that specializes in accepting savings deposits and making mortgage and other loans.
A mutual organization or mutual society is an organization based on the principle of mutuality and governed by private law. Unlike a true cooperative, members usually do not contribute to the capital of the company by direct investment, but derive their right to profits and votes through their customer relationship.
Investment banking pertains to certain activities of a financial services company or a corporate division that consist in advisory-based financial transactions on behalf of individuals, corporations, and governments.
A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages the currency and monetary policy of a country or monetary union, and oversees their commercial banking system. In contrast to a commercial bank, a central bank possesses a monopoly on increasing the monetary base.
A community bank is a depository institution that is typically locally owned and operated. Community banks tend to focus on the needs of the businesses and families where the bank holds branches and offices. Lending decisions are made by people who understand the local needs of families, businesses and farmers.
A Neobank is a type of direct bank that operates exclusively using online banking without traditional physical branch networks that challenge traditional banks. The term “challenger bank” is used in the UK to refer to a number of fintech banking startups that emerged in the wake of the 2007–2009 financial crises.
A credit union is a member-owned nonprofit cooperative financial institution. Credit unions may offer financial services as commercial banks such as share accounts, share draft accounts, credit cards, credit, share term certificates, and online banking.
Cooperative banking is retail and commercial banking organized on a cooperative basis. Cooperative banking institutions take deposits and lend money in most parts of the world.
Online banking, also known as internet banking, virtual banking, web banking or home banking, is a system that enables customers of a bank or other financial institution to conduct a range of financial transactions through the financial institution’s website or mobile app.
A holding company is a company whose primary business is holding a controlling interest in the securities of other companies. A holding company usually does not produce goods or services itself. Its purpose is to own stock of other companies to form a corporate group.